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Biography
Andrew Scholey is director of the Centre for Human Psychopharmacology and Professor of Behavioural and Brain Sciences. He is also co-director of the NICM Centre for the Study of Natural Medicines and Neurocognition. Andrew was at Northumbria University in the UK for fifteen years, in 1998 he established the Human Cognitive Neuroscience Unit where he was director until taking up his present post in late 2007. He was also co-director of the Medicinal Plant Research Centre in the UK and remains as honorary director of their neurocognitive trials section.
Andrew has been lead investigator on a series of groundbreaking studies into natural substances and neurocognition. These have ranged from 'metabolic' interventions (notably glucose and oxygen), to low doses of alcohol and even drinking water (in thirsty individuals) and chewing gum. He was also Principle Investigator on studies into the neurocognitive effects of numerous plant extracts including ginkgo biloba, ginseng, lemon balm, caffeine, sage, valerian, guaraná, cocoa polyphenols and theanine. Andrew has published over 100 journal articles and numerous book chapters focusing on the potential mood and cognition enhancing effects of natural products (often the first human trial).
Andrew's current research uses state-of the-art methodology, including neurocognitive assessment, brain imaging and various physiological analyses to disentangle the neurocognitive effects of specific nutritional interventions (focussing on plant extracts) to enhance cognitive performance. The aim is to understand the mechanisms and apply natural medicines as safe treatments for conditions where cognition becomes fragile, including ageing and dementia. Andrew has served on various scientific committees and is committed to the public dissemination of science which has led to many appearances in the print, radio and television media.
Research Interests
Neurocognitive and mood effects of nutrition and nutraceuticals Cognition enhancing and anti-stress effects of natural medicines Blood glucose and cognitive function Neurocognitive effects of recreational drug use Use of novel platforms (internet, PDAs, mobile phone) for assessing mood state and cognitive performance
Publications Include
Wesnes KA, Pincock C, Scholey A (2012) Breakfast is associated with enhanced cognitive function in schoolchildren: an internet based study. Appetite In press. Scholey A, Macpherson H, Sünram-Lea S, Elliott J, Stough C, Kennedy D (2012) Glucose enhancement of recognition memory: differential effects on effortful processing but not aspects of Remember-Know responses Neuropharmacology In press. Scholey A, Benson S, Neale C, Owen L, Tiplady B (2012) Neurocognitive and mood effects of alcohol in a naturalistic setting Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental In press. Sarris J, LaPorte E, Scholey A, King R, Pipingas, A, Schweitzer I, Stough C (2012) Does a medicinal dose of kava impair driving? A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Traffic Injury Prevention In press. Pase MP, Kean J, Sarris J, Neale C, Scholey AB, Stough C (2012) The cognitive enhancing effects of Bacopa monneira: A systematic review of randomized, controlled human clinical trials. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine In press. Sarris J, Scholey A, Schweitzer I, Bousman C, LaPorte E, Ng C, Murray G, Stough C (2012) The acute effects of kava and oxazepam on anxiety, mood, neurocognition, and genetic correlates: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 27, 262-269. Jackson PA, Reay JL, Scholey AB, Kennedy DO (2012) DHA-rich oil modulates the cerebral haemodynamic response to cognitive tasks in healthy young adults: A Near Infrared Spectroscopy pilot study. British Journal of Nutrition 107, 1093-1098. Scholey A, Downey L, Ciorciari J, Pipingas A, Nolidin K, Finn M, Wines M, Catchlove S, Terrens A, Barlow E, Gordon L, Stough C (2012) Acute neurocognitive effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Appetite 58, 767-770. Jackson PA, Deary ME, Reay JL, Scholey AB, Kennedy DO (2012) No effect of 12 weeks' supplementation with 1 g DHA-rich or EPA-rich fish oil on cognitive function or mood in healthy young adults aged 18-35 years. British Journal of Nutrition 107, 1232-1243. Parrott AC, Murphy P, Scholey AB (2012) Applied human psychopharmacology: the practical psychobiological consequences of some novel and ancient psychoactive drugs (editorial). Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 27, 103-105. Owen L, Scholey AB, Finnegan Y, Hu H, Sünram-Lea SI (2012) The effect of glucose dose and fasting interval on cognitive function: a double-blind, placebo controlled, 6-way crossover study. Psychopharmacology 220, 577-589. Wetherell MA, Atherton K, Grainger J, Brosnan R, Scholey AB (2012) The effects of multi-tasking on psychological stress reactivity in recreational users of cannabis and MDMA. Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 27, 167-176. Stough C, Pase MP, Cropley V, Myers S, Nolidin K, Pipingas A, Croft K, Chang D, Scholey AB (2012) A randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of Pycnogenol and CDRI08 herbal medicines on Cognitive, cardiovascular, and biochemical functioning in cognitive healthy elderly people: the Australian Research Council Longevity Intervention (ARCLI) study protocol (ACTRN12611000487910). The Nutrition Journal 11, 11-19. Jackson PA, Reay JL, Scholey AB, Kennedy DO (2012) Docosahexaenoic acid-rich fish oil modulates the cerebral hemodynamic response to cognitive tasks in healthy young adults. Biological Psychology 26, 470-476. Cropley V, Croft R, Silber B, Neale C, Scholey A, Stough C, Schmitt J (2012) Does coffee enriched with chlorogenic acids improve mood and cognition after acute administration in healthy elderly? A pilot study. Psychopharmacology 219, 737-749. Camfield DA, Scholey A, Pipingas A, Silberstein R, Kras M, Nolidin K, Stough C (2012) Steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) topography changes associated with Cocoa flavanol consumption. Physiology and Behavior 105, 948-957. Pengelly A, Snow J, Mills SY, Scholey A, Wesnes K, Reeves-Butler L (2012) Short-term study on the effects of rosemary on cognitive function in an elderly population. Journal of Medicinal Food 15, 10-17. Harris E, Kirk J, Rowsell R, Vitetta L, Sali A, Scholey A, Pipingas A (2011) The effect of multivitamin supplementation on mood and stress in healthy older males. Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 26, 560-567. Stough C, Scholey A, Lloyd J, Spong J, Myers S, Downey LA (2011)The effect of 90 day administration of a high dose Vitamin B complex on work stress. Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 26, 470-476. Sarris J, Panossian A, Schweitzer I, Stough C, Scholey A (2011) Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. European Neuropsychopharmacology 21, 841-860. Kennedy D, Dodd F, Robertson B, Okello E, Reay J, Scholey A, Haskell C (2011) Monoterpenoid extract of sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) with cholinesterase inhibiting properties improves cognitive performance and mood in healthy adults. Journal of Psychopharmacology 25, 1088-1100. Parrott AC, Gibbs A, Scholey AB, King R, Owens K, Swann P, Ogden E, Stough C (2011) MDMA and methamphetamine: some paradoxical negative and positive mood changes in an acute dose laboratory study. Psychopharmacology 215, 527-536. Camfield DA, Owen L, Scholey AB, Pipingas A, Stough C (2011) Dairy constituents and neurocognitive health in aging. British Journal of Nutrition 106, 159-174. LaPorte E, Sarris J, Stough C, Scholey A (2011) Neurocognitive Effects of Kava (Piper methysticum): A Systematic Review. Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 26, 102-111. Rodgers J, Buchanan T, Heffernan T, Ling J, Scholey A (2011) 'Ecstasy use, by itself, does not result in residual neurotoxicity' - a powerful argument? Addiction 106, 1269-1270. Stough C, Kure C, Tarasuik J, Downey L, Lloyd J, Zangara A, Camfield D, Scholey A, Reynolds J (2011) Improving general intelligence with a nutrient-based pharmacological intervention. Intelligence 39, 100-107. Scholey AB, Owen L, Gates J, Rodgers J, Buchanan T, Ling J, Heffernan T, Swan P, Stough C, Parrott AC (2011) Is MDMA Present in Hair Samples Consistent with Reported Ecstasy Use? Open Addiction Journal 4, 50-51. Rodgers J, Buchanan T, Scholey AB, Heffernan T, Ling J, Parrott AC (2011) Prospective Memory: The Influence of Ecstasy, Cannabis and Nicotine Use and the WWW. Open Addiction Journal 4, 44-45. McMillan L, Owen L, Kras M, Scholey A (2011) Behavioural effects of a 10-day Mediterranean Diet: results from a pilot study evaluating mood and cognitive performance. Appetite 56, 143-147. Scholey AB, Owen L, Gates J, Rodgers J, Buchanan T, Ling J, Heffernan T, Swan P, Stough C, Parrott AC (2011) Hair MDMA samples are consistent with reported ecstasy use: findings from a study investigating effects of Ecstasy on mood and memory. Neuropsychobiology 63, 15-21. Sarris J, Stough C, Scholey A, Schweitzer I (2010) Re-introduction of Kava (Piper methysticum) to the EU: is there a way forward? Planta Medica 77, 107-110. Scholey A, French S, Morris P, Kennedy D, Milne A, Haskell C (2010) Consumption of cocoa flavanols results in acute improvements in mood and cognitive performance during sustained mental effort. Journal of Psychopharmacology 24, 1505-1514. Scholey AB, Ossoukhova A, Owen L, Ibarra A, Pipingas A, He K, Roller M, Stough C (2010) Effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on neurocognitive function: an acute, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study Psychopharmacology 212, 345-356. Reay J, Scholey AB, Kennedy DO (2010) Panax ginseng (G115) improves aspects of working memory performance and subjective ratings of calmness in healthy young adults. Human Psychopharmacology 25, 462-471. Buchanan T, Heffernan T, Parrott AC, Ling J, Rodgers J, Scholey AB (2010) A Short self-report measure of problems with executive function suitable for administration via the internet. Behaviour Research Methods 42, 709-714. Pase MP, Pipingas A, Kras M, Nolidin K, Gibbs AL, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB, Stough C (2010) Healthy middle-aged individuals are vulnerable to cognitive deficits as a result of increased arterial stiffness. Journal of Hypertension 28, 1724-1729. Owen L, Finnegan Y, Hu H, Scholey A, Sünram-Lea S (2010) Glucose effects on long-term memory performance: duration of effects and domain specificity. Psychopharmacology 211, 131-140. Scholey AB, Sünram-Lea SI, Greer J, Elliott J, Kennedy DO (2009) Glucose enhancement of memory depends on initial thirst. Appetite 53, 426-429. Reay JL, Scholey AB, Milne A, Fenwick J, Kennedy DO (2009) Panax ginseng has no effect on indices of glucose regulation following acute or chronic ingestion in healthy volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition 101, 1673-1678. Scholey A, Haskell C, Robertson B, Kennedy D, Milne A, Wetherell M (2009) Chewing gum alleviates negative mood and reduces cortisol during acute laboratory psychological stress. Physiology and Behavior 97, 304-312. Scholey AB, Sünram-Lea SI, Greer J, Elliott J, Kennedy DO (2009) Glucose administration prior to a divided attention task improves tracking performance but not word recognition: evidence against differential memory enhancement? Psychopharmacology 202, 549-558. Stough C, Kure C, Tarusik J, Lloyd J, Downey LA, Scholey A, Wesnes K (2009) A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study examining the effects of a combination nutraceutical formula on cognitive functioning and mood. JANA 12, 12-19. Kennedy DO, Jackson PA, Elliot JM, Scholey AB, Robertson B, Greer J, Tiplady B, Buchanan T, Haskell CF (2009) Cognitive and mood effects of 8 weeks supplementation with 400 mg or 1000 mg of omega-3 essential fatty acid in healthy children aged 10 to 12 years. Nutritional Neuroscience 12, 48-56. Scholey AB, Haskell CF (2008) Neurocognitive effects of guaraná plant extract. Drugs of the Future 33, 869-874 (Invited review). Haskell CF, Scholey AB, Jackson PA, Elliot JM, DeFeyter MA, Greer J, Robertson BC, Buchanan T, Tiplady B, Kennedy DO (2008) Cognitive and mood effects in healthy children during 12 weeks supplementation of multi-vitamin/minerals. British Journal of Nutrition 100, 1086-1096. Scholey AB, Tildesley NTJ, Ballard CG, Wesnes KA, Tasker A, Perry EK, Kennedy DO (2008) An extract of Salvia (sage) with anticholinesterase properties improves memory and attention in healthy older volunteers. Psychopharmacology 198,127-139. Kennedy DO, Haskell CF, Robertson B, Reay J, Brewster-Maund C, Luedemann J, Maggini S, Ruf M, Zangara A, Scholey AB (2008) Improved cognitive performance and mental fatigue following a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement with added Guaraná (Paullinia cupana). Appetite 50, 506-513. Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB (2008) The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biological Psychology 77, 113-122. Ingwersen J, Defeyter MA , Kennedy DO, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB (2007) A low glycaemic index breakfast cereal preferentially prevents children's cognitive performance from declining throughout the morning. Appetite 49, 240-244. Kennedy DO, Haskell CF, Mauri PL, Scholey AB (2007) Acute cognitive effects of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract complexed with phosphatidylserine. Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 22, 199-210. Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Wesnes KA, Milne AL, Scholey AB (2007) A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-dose evaluation of the acute behavioural effects of guaraná in humans. Journal of Psychopharmacology 21, 65-70. Parrott AC, McGregor IS, Lee TMC, Scholey AB, Morgan MJ (2007). Ecstasy and Memory: report on the MDMA symposium at the 4th International Conference on Memory (ICOM-4), in Sydney Australia. Journal of Psychopharmacology 21, 895-979. Kennedy DO, Jackson PA, Haskell CF, Scholey AB (2007) Modulation of cognitive performance following single doses of 120 mg Ginkgo biloba extract administered to healthy young volunteers. Human Psychopharmacology - Clinical and Experimental 22, 559-566. 2012 Datablitz - Botanicals for brains: bench to bedside 2011 Datablitz - Novel approaches to cognitive enhancement
Professional Association Memberships
British Psychological Society British Neuroscience Association British Association for Psychopharmacology International Society for Intelligence Research
Awards and Grants
Australian Research Council Discovery Project 'Glucose facilitation of cognitive function: effects of effort, age and glucose control' Australian Research Council Discovery Project 'Improving cognitive function in the elderly' ("ARCLI") ARC Linkage 'Neuroimaging changes underpinning improvements in cognition in the elderly' NHMRC Fellowship (co-supervisor) 'Kava in the Treatment of Generalised Anxiety Disorder: A 10-week Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study' Mannatech 'Cognitive and mood effects of saccharides in middle-aged adults' Naturex : 'The acute effects of Panax quinquefolius on brain activity, mood and neurocognitive function in a healthy older population' GlaxoSmithKline 'An investigation into the effects of glucose alone and caffeine and glucose in combination on cognitive performance, fatigue and mood associated with extended multi-tasking' Bayer 'Acute effects of multi-vitamin/mineral preparations on brain imaging assessed with Steady State Topography and fMRI during periods of mental effort.' Australian Wine Research Institute 'Effect of resveratrol in red wine on cognitive function in older adults' Naturex: 'The role of glucoregulatory processes in the cognition-enhancing effects of selected botanicals' Wrigley: 'Factors influencing mood and cognitive effects of chewing gum' National Institute of Complementary Medicine Collaborative Centre for the Study of Natural Medicines and Neurocognition in Health and Disease' (NHMRC competitive grant) Barry Callebaut: 'Acute and chronic neurocognitive & blood flow effects of polyphenols in middle aged volunteers' Cognis: 'Assessing anti-stress effects of lemon balm-containing foods' Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK) 'Factors affecting glucose enhancement of cognitive performance' Department of Trade and Industry Science Research Investment Fund (SRIF) UK 'Accommodation and development of Brain, Behaviour and Nutrition Research Centre'
Consultant Activities
Consultant/expert advisor to Nestle, Unilever, GlaxoSmithKline Healthcare, Masterfoods, Danone, Bayer Healthcare, Novartis Expert Advisor to International Life Sciences Institute expert committee on nutrition and mental performance Expert witness to UK Parliamentary Forum on Food and Health Inquiry on Diet and Behaviour