Prof. Cuie Wen   Professor of Surface Engineering


Cuie Wen received her BEng and PhD degrees in Materials Science and Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and then performed a postdoctoral research at Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China. She was then employed as a researcher at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan for 8 years. She also worked at Deakin University as a research engineer, senior research academic and associate professor before she took the position of Professor of Surface Engineering at the Swinburne University of Technology in 2010. She is a Member of the Industrial Research Institute Swinburne (IRIS).

Cuie’s research has led to over 200 peer–reviewed original publications in total and these publications have been cited for about 800 times. She has also delivered over 150 invited and oral presentations at national and international conferences.

Cuie’s research interests include surface coating/modification of metals and alloys, development of porous metallic biomaterials (Ti, Mg, and their alloys and composites), porous metals for light weight structures (Ti, Al, Mg and their alloys), and nanostructured metal materials with excellent ductility and high strength.

She is working on the projects:

• Surface coating/modification of metals and alloys
• Processing and characterisation of amorphous/nano–structured materials with excellent ductility and high strength
• Shape memory alloys and their coatings
• Development of new Ti alloys, composites and their porous scaffolds for biomedical applications
• Light weight metal foam structures for automotive and defence applications (Al, Mg, and their alloys)
• Laser–based direct metal deposition (DMD) of titanium alloy scaffolds for orthopedic and dental applications
• Biodegradable metal alloys for bone tissue engineering (e.g. Mg and its alloys)
• Surface modification of metallic biomaterials (e.g. nanoengineering of biomaterial surfaces)

She has access to a world–class surface coating/modification and laser–based sintering laboratories including plasma spray, flame spray, HVOF, sputtering, laser based direct metal deposition/surfacing etc in Swinburne. In addition, she also has access to standard materials testing equipment and in–situ SEM–EDAX, TEM, AFM/Nano–indentation, confocal microscope, XRD, DSC, high/low temperature vacuum furnaces, ball mills, hot/cold press, extrusion machines, and in vitro cell culture facilities.

QUALIFICATIONS

• BEng, Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). Wuhan, China (1984).
• PhD, Material Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). Wuhan, China (1992).

RESEARCH AREAS

• Surface coating and modification
• Metallic Biomaterials (Ti, Mg and their alloys and composites)
• Light weight metal foam structures (Ti, NiTi, Al, Mg and their alloys)
• Amorphous/Nano–structured materials
• Shape memory alloys and their surface coating

Supervision of higher degree by research (HDR) (Current students)

Name	Degree	Research Centre	Start year	Role	Institution
Kun Aussieanita Mediaswanti	PhD	IRIS	2010	Associate Supervisor	Swinburne
Liping Wang	PhD	IRIS	2010	Primary Supervisor	Swinburne
Sepideh Minagar	PhD	IRIS	2011	Primary Supervisor	Swinburne
Muhammad Awais Javed
	PhD	IRIS	2011	Associate Supervisor	Swinburne
Arne Biesiekierski
	PhD	IRIS	2011	Primary Supervisor	Swinburne
Syed Haider Riza
	PhD	IRIS	2011	Associate Supervisor	Swinburne
Marziehalsadat Barghamadi
	PhD	IRIS	2012	Primary Supervisor	Swinburne

Topics for Prospective Ph.D Students - View ALL topics for Prof. Cuie Wen

Production of Nanoporous Nickel
The current study will develop a process for nanoporous nickel production using thermal treatment through decomposition of basic nickel carbonate (BNC) and other nickel precursors (NiO, NiCO3).

Biomimetic coating to enhance corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys
The present project is aimed at developing a biomimetic coating on magnesium alloys to enhance their corrosion resistance.

Nanostructured surfacing for titanium alloys for biomedical applications
The present study will develop new nanostructured surface and surfacing techniques to improve the biocompatibility, bioactivity and osseointegration of Ti-based implant materials.

Development of new biocompatible shape memory alloy implant materials
This project will develop new biocompatible shape memory alloys, alloy scaffolds and composite materials for implant applications.


Multimodal Nanostructured Metals and Alloys
The aim of this project is to develop the science that will facilitate the development of new advanced multimodal nanostructured metals and alloys with a unique combination of high tensile ductility, high strength and excellent fracture toughness.

Novel nanolaminates produced sputtering with specific material properties
The aim of this project is to develop novel nanolaminates materials with specific material properties such as exceptional high mechanical strength, hardness and elastic modulus, extremely low thermal conductivity, high surface quality, and excellent corrosion resistance and so on.

High performance electrode materials for secondary batteries in electric vehicles
The present proposal is aimed to manufacture light metal-carbon (CNT, graphite) or carbide (SiC, B4C, TiC, FeC) composites billets as electrodes for Li-ion batteries and metal-air batteries.

Titanium alloy scaffolds by laser sintering for biomedical applications
This project is aimed at the development of a new class of titanium alloy scaffolds with bone mimicking properties (architecture and mechanical properties of cancellous bones).

Residual stress optimisation of pulsed laser deposited Stellite 6 coatings on mild steel
In this project a mathematical model of the pulsed laser cladding will be developed to optimise the process. These and several other modelling parameters will be trialled to evaluate the residual stress produced by laser cladding.

MEMBERSHIPS

• The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS)
• The Australian Society for Biomaterials (ASB)
• The Australian Ceramic Society (ACS)
• The America Society of Materials (ASM)
• Materials Australia

RECENT PUBLICATIONS (2005 ONWARDS)

1. Alireza Nouri, Peter D Hodgson, C.E. Wen, Chapter 21 “Biomimetic Porous Titanium Scaffolds for Orthopaedic and Dental Applications”, in Biomimetics, Learning from nature, pp. 415–450. Ed., Amitava Mukherjee, In–Tech, 2009. ISBN 978–953–307–025–4.
2. Dengke Yang, Pavel Cizek, Peter Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2010), “Microstructure Evolution and Nanograin Formation during Shear Localization in Cold–rolled Titanium”, Acta Materialia, 58, 4536–4548.
3. Dengke Yang, Peter Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2010), “Simultaneously Enhanced Strength and Ductility of Titanium via Multimodal Grain Structure”, Scripta Materialia, Accepted July 2010.
4. Jianyu Xiong, Yuncang Li, Peter Hodgson, Cui’e Wen (2010), “In vitro osteoblast–like cell proliferation on nano–hydroxyapatite coatings with different morphologies on a titanium–niobium shape memory alloy”, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, part A, accepted June 2010.
5. Yu Sun, Haifeng Zhang, Aimin Wang, Huameng Fu, Zhuangqi Hu, C.E. Wen, Peter Hodgson (2010), “Compressive deformation and damage of Mg–based metallic glass interpenetrating phase composite containing 30~70 vol.% titanium”, Journal of Materials Research, accepted April 2010.
6. Y.C. Li, C.S. Wong, J.Y. Xiong, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2010), “Cytotoxicity of Titanium and Titanium Alloying Elements”, J. Dent. Res., 89(5), 493–497.
7. Y.C. Li, Y.C. Li, J.Y. Xiong, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2010), “Effects of structural property and surface modification of Ti6Ta4Sn scaffolds on the response of SaOS2 cells for bone tissue engineering”, J. Alloys Compd.,494, 323–329.
8. C.E. Wen, J. Xiong, Y. Li, P.D. Hodgson (2010), “Porous Shape Memory Alloy Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications: A Review”, Physica Scripta, 2010, 014070.
9. X. Wei, F.S. Han, X.F. Wang, X.F. Wang and C.E. Wen (2010), “Fabrication of Al–based bulk metallic glass by mechanical alloying and vacuum hot consolidation”, J. Alloys Compd., 510, 164–167.
10. X. Wei, X.F. Wang, F.S. Han, H.W. Xie and C.E. Wen (2010), “Thermal stability of the Al70Ni10Ti10Zr5Ta5 amorphous alloy powder fabricated by mechanical alloying”, J. Alloys Compd., 496, 313–316.
11. A. Nouri, P. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2010), “Study on the Role of Stearic Acid and Ethylene–bis–stearamide on the Mechanical Alloying of a Biomedical Ti Based Alloy”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 41A, 1409–1420.
12. Y. Sun, H.F. Zhang, A.M. Wang, H.M. Fu, Z.Q. Hu, C.E. Wen and P. D. Hodgson, (2009), “Mg–based metallic glass/titanium interpenetrating phase composite with high mechanical performance”, Appl. Phy. Lett., 95, 171910.
13. Z.C. Zhou, C.E. Wen, H. Yang, and Y.J. Yan (2010), “Low frequency damping capacity in a strained Fe–Mn–Si alloy”, Phys. Status Solidi A, 207, 338–343.
14. Yuncang Li, Meiheng Li, Wangyu Hu, Peter Hodgson and Cui’e Wen (2010), “Biodegradable Mg–Ca and Mg–Ca–Y alloys for Regenerative Medicine”, Materials Science Forum, 654–656, 2192–2195.
15. Jianyu Xiong, Yuncang Li, Peter D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2010) “Design of a New Biocompatible Ti–based Shape Memory Alloy and Its Superelastic Deformation Behaviour”, Materials Science Forum 654–656, 2087–2090.
16. Yang An, Chunhui Yang, Peter Damien Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2010) “Effect of Pore Size on Mechanical Properties of Titanium Foams”, Materials Science Forum 654–656, 827–830.
17. Dengke Yang, Peter Hodgson and C.E. Wen (20100, “Effects of Deformation–induced Heating on Bond Strength of Rolled Metal Multilayer”, Materials Science Forum 654–656, 2579–2582.
18. D.K Yang, P. Cizek, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Ultrafine equiaxed grain Ti/Al composite produced by accumulative roll bonding”, Scripta Mater., 62(5), 321–4.
19. A. Nouri, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2010) “Effect of Process Control Agent on the Porous Structure and Mechanical Properties of a Biomedical Ti–Sn–Nb Alloy Produced by Powder Metallurgy”, Acta Biomater., 6, 1630–9..
20. J. Xiong, Y. Li, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2010), “Nano–hydroxyapatite coating on a titanium–niobium alloy by a hydrothermal process”, Acta Biomater., 6, 1584–90.
21. J.G. Lin, X.F. Wang, C. Wen (2010), “Theoretical study on behaviour of superplastic forming/diffusion bonding of bulk metallic glasses”, Mater. Sci. Technol., 26, 361–366.
22. D.K. Yang, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “The kinetics of two–stage formation of TiAl3 in multilayered Ti/Al foils prepared by accumulative roll bonding”, Intermetallics, 17, 727–32.
23. D.K. Yang, J.Y. Xiong, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Influence of deformation–induced heating on the bond strength of rolled metal multilayers”, Mater. Lett., 63, 2300–2302.
24. Y.C. Li, J.Y. Xiong, C.S. Wong, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2009), “Ti6Ta4Sn Alloy and Subsequent Scaffolding for Bone Tissue Engineering” , Tissue Eng.,15,3151–59.
25. X.J. Wang, Y. Li, P. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2010), “Biomimetic Modification of Porous TiNbZr Alloy Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering”, Tissue Eng., 16, 309–16.
26. J.G. Lin, Y.C. Li, C.S. Wong, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2009), “Degradation of the strength of porous titanium after alkali and heat treatment”, J. Alloys Compd., 485, 316–19.
27. X.J. Wang, Y.C. Li, J.Y. Xiong, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2009), “Porous TiNbZr alloy scaffolds for biomedical applications”, Acta Biomater., 5(9), 3616–24.
28. X.J. Wang, Y.C. Li, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Biomimetic Coating on Pure Titanium Submitted to Different Surface Treatments”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 618–619,311–314.
29. Y.C. Li, C. Wong, J.Y. Xiong, P. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Binary Ti Alloys for Bone Implants”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 618–619, 295–298.
30. J.Y. Xiong, Y.C. Li, P. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Bioactive Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium–Niobium Alloy Through a Sol–gel Process”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 618–619, 325–328.
31. D.K. Yang, P. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Nucleation and Growth During Reactions in Accumulative Roll Bonding of Ti/Al Multilayers”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 618–619, 429–432.
32. H.W. Xie, P. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Effect of Structure Relaxation on the Plastic Deformation Behaviour in a Zr–based BMG under Indenter,” Mater. Sci. Forum, 618–619, 437–441.
33. Y. Yamada, Y.C. Li, J.Y. Xiong, T. Banno, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Preparation of Bioactive Porous Titanium–molybdenum Alloy Through Powder Metallurgy”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 620–622, 745–748.
34. G.S. Yu, J.G. Lin, W. Li and C.E. Wen (2009), “Extrusion properties of a Zr–based bulk metallic glass”, Mater. Lett., 63 (15), 1317–1319.
35. H.W. Xie, Y.C. Li, S.Z. Liao, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Plastic deformation in a partially crystallized Zr–based BMG under Vickers indenter”, J. Alloys Compd., 484, 886–890.
36. X.J. Wang, J.Y. Xiong, Y.C. Li, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Apatite formation on nanostructured titanium and niobium surface”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 614, 85–92.
37. Y.C. Li, J.Y. Xiong, C.S. Wong, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Bioactivating the surfaces of titanium by sol–gel process”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 614, 67–71.
38. X.B. Chen, Y. Li, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2009), “The importance of particle size in porous titanium and nonporous counterparts for the surface energy and its impact on apatite formation”, Acta Biomater., 5, 2290–2302.
39. X.B. Chen, Y. Li, J.D. Plessis, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2009), “Influence of calcium ion deposition on apatite inducing ability of porous titanium for biomedical applications”, Acta Biomater., 5, 1808–1820.
40. X.B. Chen, Y. Li, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2009), “Microstructures and bond strengths of the calcium phosphate coatings formed on titanium from different simulated body fluids”, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 29, 165–71.
41. H.W. Xie, Y.C. Li, D.K. Yang, D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2009), “Plastic deformation in the annealed Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metal glass under indenter”, J. Alloys Compd., 475, 501–505.
42. P.E. Faria, A.L. Carvalho, D.N. Felipucci, C.E. Wen, L. Sennerby, L.A. Salata (2008), “Bone Formation Following Implantation of Titanium Sponge Rods into Humeral Osteotomies in Dogs: A Histological and Histometrical Study”, Clinical implant dentistry and related research, 12(1), 72–79.
43. J.Y. Xiong, Y.C. Li, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2008), “Influence of porosity on shape memory behaviour of porous TiNi shape memory alloy”, Functional Materials Letters, 1(3), 215–219.
44. X. J. Wang, Y. Li, J. Lin, P. Hodgson, C.E. Wen, (2008), “Effect of heat–treatment atmosphere on the bond strength of apatite layer on Ti substrate”, Dent. Mater., 24, 1549–1555.
45. X. J. Wang, Y. Li, J. Lin, Y. Yamada, P. Hodgson, C.E. Wen, (2008), “In vitro bioactivity evaluation of titanium and niobium metals with different surface morphologies”, Acta Biomater., 4, 1530–1535.
46. X.J. Wang, Y.C. Li, J.G. Lin, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen, (2008), “Apatite–inducing ability of titanium oxide layer on titanium surface: The effect of surface energy”, J. Mater. Res., 23 (6), 1682–1688.
47. X.B. Chen, A. Nouri, Y. Li, J. Lin, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen, (2008), “Effect of Surface Roughness of Ti, Zr, and TiZr on Apatite Precipitation From Simulated Body Fluid”, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 101(2), 378–387.
48. Y. Yamada, T. Banno, Y. Li and C.E. Wen (2008), “Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Nickel Foams Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy”. Mater. Sci. Forum, 569, 277–280.
49. H.W. Xie, J.G. Lin, Y.C. Li, W.Y. Yan, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2008), “Plastic Deformation in Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 Bulk Metal Glass under Vickers Indenter”, J. Alloys Compd., 461, 173–177.
50. A. Nouri, X.B. Chen, Y.C. Li, Y. Yamada, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2008), “Synthesis of Ti–Sn–Nb alloy by powder metallurgy”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 485, 562–570.
51. J.Y. Xiong, Y.C. Li, X.J. Wang, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2008), “Titanium–nickel shape memory alloy foams for bone tissue engineering”, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 1(3), 269–273.
52. J.Y. Xiong, Y.C. Li, P.D. Hodgson, C.E. Wen (2008), “Mechanical properties and bioactive surface modification via alkali–heat treatment of a porous Ti–18Nb–4Sn alloy for biomedical applications”, Acta Biomater., 4(6), 1963–1968.
53. A. Nouri, J.G. Lin, Y.C. Li, Y. Yamada, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2007), “Microstructure Evolution of Ti–Sn–Nb Alloy Prepared by Mechanical Alloying”, Mater. Forum, 31, 64–70.
54. J.Y. Xiong, Y.C. Li, Y. Yamada, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2007), “TiNi Shape Memory Alloy Foams Synthesized by Spacer Sintering and Their Properties”, J. Mater. Sci. Eng., 25(6), 892–894.
55. X.J. Wang, Y.C. Li, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2007), “Nano– and Macro–scale Characterisation of the Mechanical Properties of Bovine Bone”, Mater. Forum, 31, 156–159.
56. C.E. Wen, W. Xu, W.Y. Hu and P.D. Hodgson (2007), “Hydroxyapatite/titania Sol–gel Coating on Titanium–zirconium Alloy for Biomedical Applications”, Acta Biomater., 3, 403–410.
57. Y.C. Li, J.Y. Xiong, J.G. Lin, M. Forrest, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2007), “Mechanical properties and energy absorption of ceramic particulate and resin–impregnation reinforced aluminium foams”, Mater. Forum, 31, 53–56.
58. J.G. Lin, H.W. Xie, Y.C. Li, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2007), “Indentation Study on the Pressure Sensitivity of a Zr–based Bulk Metallic Glass”, Mater. Forum, 31, 139–143.
59. H.W. Xie, J.G. Lin, Y.C. Li, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2007), “Composition Dependency of the Glass Forming Ability (GFA) in Mg–Ni–Si System by Mechanical Alloying”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 459, 35–39.
60. J.Y. Xiong, Y.C. Li, Y. Yamada, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2007), “Processing and Mechanical Properties of Porous Titanium–Niobium Shape Memory Alloy for Biomedical Applications”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 561–565, 1689–1692.
61. C.E. Wen, Y. Yamada, A. Nouri and P.D. Hodgson (2007), “Porous Titanium with Porosity Gradients for Biomedical Applications”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 539–543, 720–725.
62. X.B. Chen, A. Nouri, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2007), “Surface modification of TiZr alloy for biomedical applications”, Adv. Mater. Res., 15–17, 89–94.
63. A. Nouri, X.B. Chen, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2007), “Preparation and characterisation of new titanium based alloys for orthopaedic and dental applications”, Adv. Mater. Res., 15–17, 71–76.
64. Y. Yamada, T. Banno, Z.K. Xie, Y.C. Li and C.E. Wen (2007), “Preparation and Characterisation of Open–Cell Microporous Nickel”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 539–543, 1833–1838.
65. Y. Yamada, Y.C. Li, T. Banno, Z.K. Xie and C.E. Wen (2007), “Micro–porous Nickel Produced by Powder Metallurgy”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 534–536, 977–980.
66. E. Durif, W.Y. Yan, Y. Yamada and C.E. Wen (2007), “Numerical Simulation of the Crushing of Foam–Filled Aluminium Tubes”, Key Eng. Mater., 334–335, 629–632.
67. G.S. Yu, J.G. Lin, M. Mo, X.F. Wang and C.E. Wen (2007), “Effect of relaxation on pressure sensitivity index in a Zr–based metallic glass”, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 460–461, 58–62.
68. T. Banno, Y. Li, Y, C.E. Wen and Y. Yamada (2007), “Mechanical Properties of Micro–Porous metals Produced by Space–Holding Sintering”, Adv. Mater. Res., 29–30, 75–78.
69. W. Yan, E. Durif, Y. Yamada and C.E. Wen (2007), “Crushing Simulation of Foam–Filled Aluminium Tubes”, Mater. Trans., 48(7), 1901–1906.
70. Y. Yang, F. Han, C.E. Wen and Y. Shu (2007), “Damping Properties of Open Cell Microcellular Pure Al Foams”, Mater. Sci. Technol., 23 (11), 1336–1340.
71. C.E. Wen, Y. Yamada and P.D. Hodgson (2006), “Fabrication of Novel TiZr Alloy Foams for Biomedical Applications”, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 26, 1439–1444.
72. Y. Yamada, T. Banno, Z.K. Xie and C.E. Wen (2006), “Compressive Deformation Behaviour of a Closed–Cell Aluminium”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 510–511, 150–153.
73. X.J. Wang, X.B. Chen, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2006), “Elastic modulus and hardness of cortical and trabecular bovine bone measured by nanoindentation”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 16, s744–s748.
74. W. Xu, W.Y. Hu, M.H. Li, and C.E. Wen (2006), “Sol–gel derived hydroxyapatite/titania biocoatings on titanium substrate”, Mater. Lett. 60, 1575–1578.
75. W. Xu, W.Y. Hu, M.H. Li, Q.Q. Ma, P.D. Hodgson and C.E. Wen (2006), “Sol–gel derived HA/TiO2 double coatings on Ti scaffolds for orthopaedic applications”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 16, s209–s216.
76. D.K. Yang, C.E. Wen, F.S. Han and Y.J. Yang (2006), “Phase formation and physical properties of mechanically alloyed amorphous 55Mg35Ni10Si”, J. Non–Cryst. Solids, 352, 3244–3248.
77. D.K. Yang, C.E. Wen, F.S. Han, Q.Z. Wang and H.J Li (2006), “Preparation of Mg55Ni35Si10 amorphous powders by mechanical alloying and consolidation by vacuum hot pressing”, Chin. Phys. Lett., 23, 2161–64.
78. C.E. Wen, Y. Yamada and P. Hodgson (2005), “Fabrication of novel alloy foams for biomedical applications”, Materials Forum, 29, 274–278.
79. Y. Yamada, T. Banno, Z. K. Xie and C.E. Wen (2005), “Energy Absorption and Crushing Behaviour of Foam–Filled Aluminium Tubes”, Mater. Trans., 46, 2633–2636.
80. Y. Yamada, C.E. Wen, T. Asahina, M. Mabuchi (2005), “The effect of artificial defects on the compressive properties of hollow sphere cellular aluminum”, Materials Forum, 29, 531–535.
81. Y. Yamada, C.E. Wen, T. Asahina, K, Kato, T, Sonoda, A, Watazu and M. Mabuchi (2005), “Compressive properties and energy absorption of hollow sphere aluminum”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 475–479, 333–336.